Industrial Synthesis

Today many important protein drugs (e.g. growth hormone, erythropoetin, insulin) are produced in living cells. To facilitate easy purification, the proteins are provided with a signal peptide causing them to be secreted out of the cell.
For scale-up production, cells are grown in bioreactors.

To cite this section
MLA style: Industrial Synthesis. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2024. Fri. 27 Dec 2024. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1999/7404-industrial-synthesis/>

Back to top Back To Top Takes users back to the top of the page

Nobel Prizes and laureates

Nobel Prizes 2024

Six prizes were awarded for achievements that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind. The 12 laureates' work and discoveries range from proteins' structures and machine learning to fighting for a world free of nuclear weapons.

See them all presented here.

Illustration

Explore prizes and laureates

Look for popular awards and laureates in different fields, and discover the history of the Nobel Prize.