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Nobel Laureates 1978
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Physics:
Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa
"for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics"
Arno Allan Penzias
and
Robert Woodrow Wilson
"for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation"
Chemistry:
Peter D. Mitchell
"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory"
Physiology or Medicine:
Werner Arber
,
Daniel Nathans
and
Hamilton O. Smith
"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics"
Literature:
Isaac Bashevis Singer
"for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life"
Peace:
Mohamed Anwar al-Sadat
and
Menachem Begin
Prize in Economics:
Herbert A. Simon
"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations"
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