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The Nobel Prize in Physics 1996

Significant kinks

Atoms are governed by the laws of quantum physics. In gases, liquids, and solids, quantum effects are normally hidden by the random thermal motion of the atoms, but at very low temperatures these effects can be observed. A spectacular example is the superfluidity of 3He – a phenomenon that has led to further insight into quantum physics.

 

   

Introduction »
Significant kinks »
Helium  »
Colder than cold »
Superfluidity »
Phases and phase transition »
Statistical laws explain differences »
How 3He becomes superfluid »
Whirlpools »
Further reading  »