Peace 2004
Fought for sustainable development, democracy and peace.
© Knudsens fotosenter/Dextra Photo, Norsk Teknisk Museum.
Showing extraordinary courage
More champions of human rights
Peace 1976
Campaigned against the conflict between Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland.
Mairead Corrigan.
Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive.
Peace 1905
Courageously opposed the horrors of war.
Bertha von Suttner.
Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive.
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66
awards to women
See all Nobel Prize-awarded women -
17
years old: youngest awarded woman
Read more about Malala Yousafzai -
87
years old: oldest awarded woman
Read about Doris Lessing
Diversity in science
2022 chemistry laureate Carolyn Bertozzi recruits people from underrepresented groups to her lab. “People have asked me many times over the years: what was the recipe for success for you in your lab? It was very simple. It was diversity,” she says.
Carolyn Bertozzi in her laboratory.
Photo: Christopher Michel
In her own words
Narges Mohammadi’s message for women
“Women must lead this global struggle”
2023 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Narges Mohammadi has so far spent more than ten years in prison and 135 days in solitary confinement. Despite the oppression, she continues to fight for her freedom and human rights for all. Watch Mohammadi’s message for International Women’s Day.
Poetry pioneer
This year marks 80 years since Chilean Gabriela Mistral became the first South American to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Working as a teacher from an early age, Mistral started writing poetry after a stormy relationship. She came to play an important role in the educational system in Chile and Mexico.
They succeeded against the odds
Medicine 2009
Carol Greider achieved success in molecular biology in the same way she overcame dyslexia as a child: with persistence and creativity.
Economic sciences 2009
Elinor Ostrom grew up during the depression, being a poor kid in a rich kid’s school. Despite a lack of support from home, she went to college and later earned a PhD in political science.
Medicine 1977
Rosalyn Yalow was the daughter of immigrants without high school education. At a time when women were given little access to scientific studies, she pursued a career in physics.
Inspirational women
Emmanuelle Charpentier
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020for the development of a method for genome editing.
Katalin Karikó
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19.
Maria Ressa
Nobel Peace Prize 2021for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace.
Claudia Goldin
The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2023for having advanced our understanding of women’s labour market outcomes.
Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf
Nobel Prize in Literature 1909in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings.
Andrea Ghez
Nobel Prize in Physics 2020for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy.
Who did what?
Can you match the right laureate with the right discovery? Have a try!
FAQ
Hundreds or thousands of nominations are received for the Nobel Prize every year from members of academies, university professors, scientists, previous Nobel Prize laureates, members of parliamentary assemblies and more.
The Nobel Prize medal.
© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: Clément Morin.
Prize announcement dates
This year’s Nobel Prize announcements will take place 6–13 October. All announcements will be streamed live here on nobelprize.org.
Photo: Patrik Lundin/The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Nobel Prize laureates 2024
Nobel Prizes 2024
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This year’s laureates used tools from physics to construct methods that helped lay the foundation for today’s powerful machine learning.
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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024 is about proteins, life’s ingenious chemical tools.
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Physiology or medicine
Tiny RNAs with profound physiological importance
Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun discovered microRNA, a new class of tiny RNA molecules that play a crucial role in gene regulation.
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Literature
Han Kang
The Nobel Prize in Literature 2024 is awarded to the South Korean author Han Kang, “for her intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life.”
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The grassroots movement of atomic bomb survivors from Hiroshima and Nagasaki, also known as Hibakusha, is receiving the Nobel Peace Prize for its efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons and for demonstrating through witness testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again.
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Economic sciences
An explanation for why some countries are rich and others poor
This year’s laureates have provided new insights into why there are such vast differences in prosperity between nations.
Play and learn
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How much do you know about blood types? Try out in this game.
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Learn about conditioned reflexes in this interactive game.
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This fast-paced game relies on a keen knowledge of food containing vitamin B1.
What are you looking for? Search the website.
More to explore
In memoriam
Sir J. Fraser Stoddart passed away on 30 December 2024, aged 82. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016 “for the design and synthesis of molecular machines”.
Former US President Jimmy Carter passed away on 29 December 2024. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize 2002 “for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development”.
Chemist Martin Karplus passed away on 28 December 2024, aged 94. He was awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry “for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems”.
Physicist Leon N. Cooper passed away on 23 October 2024. He was awarded the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics “for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory”.
