Eva Olsson is a professor of experimental physics at Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Olsson received her PhD from Chalmers and was thereafter a postdoc at IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, physical sciences, Yorktown Heights (New York, USA). She then joined the faculty at Chalmers followed by an appointment as full professor at the Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden. She was subsequently appointed full professor at the department of physics, Chalmers.

Olsson has been a professorial fellow at the University of Tokyo (Japan) and is a John Cowley Distinguished Lecturer at Arizona State University (USA). She is mainly involved in studies of materials for emerging technologies, including catalysis, photovoltaics and quantum devices. Her research group focuses on the development of novel characterisation techniques.

Olsson works with electron microscopy including in situ studies and quantitative imaging and spectroscopy. She is a pioneer in the field of in situ studies electron microscopy studies for site-specific correlation between structure and electro-optical properties down to the atomic length scale. Her contributions also include method developments for dynamic in situ manipulation and stimulation.

Olsson is a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, physics class. She has been the general secretary and later president of Scandem (The Nordic Microscopy Society). She has been a member of the executive committee of the International Federation of Microscopy Societies (IFSM) and was subsequently elected general secretary of IFSM and thereafter the president of IFSM.