Joseph Erlanger
Facts
Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive.
Joseph Erlanger
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944
Born: 5 January 1874, San Francisco, CA, USA
Died: 5 December 1965, St. Louis, MO, USA
Affiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
Prize motivation: “for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres”
Prize share: 1/2
Work
Our bodily functions are governed by our nervous system, which consists of many nerve cells with extensions, or nerve fibers, that form a system of connections between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body. Signals in the nervous system are conveyed by weak electrical currents and by chemical substances. During the 1920s Joseph Erlanger and Herbert Gasser studied the properties and distribution of nerve fibers. They divided nerve fibers into two different types with different thicknesses and showed that the thicker fibers convey nerve impulses faster.
Nobel Prizes and laureates
Six prizes were awarded for achievements that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind. The 12 laureates' work and discoveries range from proteins' structures and machine learning to fighting for a world free of nuclear weapons.
See them all presented here.
