John F. Enders
Facts
Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive.
John Franklin Enders
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954
Born: 10 February 1897, West Hartford, CT, USA
Died: 8 September 1985, Waterford, CT, USA
Affiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Research Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Prize motivation: “for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue”
Prize share: 1/3
Work
Many infectious diseases are caused by viruses—very small biological particles. A virus lacks metabolism of its own and cannot multiply without infecting a living cell. For a long time the prevailing opinion was that viruses could not be cultured in a laboratory. However, in 1941 John Enders, Frederick Robbins, and Thomas Weller succeeded in culturing the virus that causes polio in human muscle and tissue in a laboratory setting. This became an important step on the road toward a vaccine against polio.
Nobel Prizes and laureates
Six prizes were awarded for achievements that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind. The 12 laureates' work and discoveries range from proteins' structures and machine learning to fighting for a world free of nuclear weapons.
See them all presented here.
