Presentation Speech by Professor Sture Allén, of the Translation from the Swedish text Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen, On the Nobel Day, 10th December, 1911, received that year’s Nobel Prize in Literature from the hands of King Gustavus V here in Stockholm. On the following day Naguib Mahfouz was born in…

Naguib Mahfouz – The Son of Two Civilizations by Anders Hallengren This article was published on 16 October 2003. “I am the son of two civilizations that at a certain age in history have formed a happy marriage. The first of these, seven thousand years old, is the Pharaonic civilization; the second, one thousand four…

  Matter is composed of two types of particles, leptons and hadrons. The hadrons are constructed of quarks, while the leptons do not seem to be constructed of other constituents. As the experiment of the Nobel Prize winners so convincingly showed, the leptons are grouped in pairs. This grouping into pairs also occurs for the…

  In order to understand how the weak force works and to explore the possible existence of two neutrinos, it was necessary to study neutrino interactions at high energies. Leon Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger were working to achieve a sufficiently intense neutrino beam for several years. This neutrino beam was produced in several…

Contents:     Based on materials from the 1988 Nobel Poster for Physics.

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has awarded this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics to Leon M. Lederman Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA Melvin Schwartz Digital Pathways Inc., Mountain View, California, USA Jack Steinberger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland   for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons…

19 October 1988 has decided to award the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly to Leon Lederman, Batavia, Illinois, USA, Melvin Schwartz, Mountain view, California, USA and Jack Steinberger, Geneva, Switzerland, for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino. This year’s…

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