Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov was born on May 15, 1845*, in a village near Kharkov in Russia (now Kharkiv, Ukraine). He was the son of an officer of the Imperial Guard, who was a landowner in the Ukraine steppes. His mother, née Nevakhowitch, was of Jewish origin. Mechnikov went to school at Kharkov and was, even…

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Jules Bordet was born in Soignies, Belgium, on June 13, 1870. He was educated in Brussels where he graduated as Doctor of Medicine in 1892. In 1894 he went to Paris to work at the Pasteur Institute until 1901 when he returned to Belgium to found the Pasteur Institute, Brussels. He has been Director of…

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Hans Spemann was born on June 27, 1869, at Stuttgart. He was the eldest son of the publisher, Wilhelm Spemann. From 1878 until 1888 he went to the Eberhard-Ludwig School at Stuttgart and when he left school in 1888 he spent a year in his father’s publishing business. From 1889-1890 he did his military service…

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My father, Alfred Gilman, could play almost any musical instrument and frequently did so at neighborhood parties; his father owned a music store in Bridgeport, Connecticut. My mother, Mabel Schmidt Gilman, was an excellent pianist and gave lessons; her father was a professional trombonist, also in Bridgeport. Despite this heritage, my musical career ended after…

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