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I was born during the second world war in Stuttgart, the capital of Swebia, as the first of two children. My father, Bertold Sakmann, was the director of a theatre, the third son of a physician whose family had lived in southern Germany for several generations. My mother, Annemarie Sakmann, was a physiotherapist and was…

Archibald Vivian Hill was born in Bristol on September 26,1886. His early education was at Blundell’s School, Tiverton, whence he obtained scholarships to Trinity College, Cambridge. Here he studied mathematics and took the Mathematical Tripos, being Third Wrangler (1907). After graduating, he was urged to take up physiology by his teacher, Dr. (later Sir) Walter…

Carl Ferdinand Cori was born in Prague on December 5th, 1896. His father, Dr. Carl I. Cori, was Director of the Marine Biological Station in Trieste, and it was here that young Carl spent his childhood. He received an early introduction to science from his father and this was stimulated on summer visits to the…

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Presentation Speech by Professor H. Bergstrand, Chairman of the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine of the Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen. Yellow fever is one of many diseases spread by insects which have been and to some extent still are a scourge in certain tropical and subtropical countries. We do not know when…

NOBELFÖRSAMLINGEN KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET THE NOBEL ASSEMBLY AT THE KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE has today decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 1983 to Barbara McClintock for her discovery of “mobile genetic elements”. Summary Barbara McClintock discovered mobile genetic elements in plants more than 30 years ago. The discovery was made at a time…

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007 is awarded jointly toMario R. Capecchi, Martin J. Evans and Oliver Smithies for their discoveries of “principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells” This year’s Nobel Laureates have discovered how to use embryonic stem cells to create precise and…