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Presentation Speech by Professor G. Hedrén, Chairman of the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine of the , on December 10, 1930 Your Majesty, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen. Thirty years ago, in 1900, in the course of his serological studies Landsteiner observed that when, under normal physiological conditions, blood serum of a human…

Presentation Speech by Professor H. Olivecrona, member of the Staff of Professors of the . Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen. The Caroline Institute, through the presentation of this year’s Nobel Prize, desires to reward two important discoveries in the fields of neurophysiology and its clinical application, neurology. Both of these discoveries touch upon the connection…

  Presentation Speech by Professor Bertil Daneholt of the Nobel Assembly of the Translation from the Swedish text Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen, Why do children resemble their parents? This question has probably always fascinated humans, but not until the advent of natural science have we arrived at an increasingly satisfactory answer.…

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011 Every day, hour, minute, and second, entire legions of tiny invaders succumb in their struggle against our immune defence. The immune system has an incredible ability to detect enemies of all kinds swiftly and to launch a suitable counterattack. But how does it all work? The 2011…

In atherosclerosis, plaques reduce blood flow in the arteries. This decreases oxygen supply to the heart muscle causing chest pain (angina pectoris) and sometimes even myocardial infarction. Treatment with nitroglycerine provides NO, dilates the vessels, and increases blood flow. Thanks to this year’s Nobel Laureates we now understand how nitroglycerine, an important heart medicine, works.…

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I was born on December 10, 1934 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, the second of three sons of Annette and Henry Temin. My father was an attorney, and my mother has been continually active in civic affairs, especially educational ones. My older brother, Michael, is also an attorney in Philadelphia, and my younger…