Thomas Huckle Weller was born at Ann Arbor, Michigan, on June 15th, 1915. He was educated at the public schools there, and later at the University of Michigan, where his father, Carl Vernon Weller had an appointment in the Pathology Department of the Medical School. Entering this University in 1932, T. H. Weller graduated in…

I don’t remember much about my early childhood. I am told that before I began school, my older cousin would return from her school and teach me what she had learned. By the time I was 10 or so, I was displaying a curiosity that might have suggested an academic bent. I was an avid…

An autobiography published a few years ago records many of the salient events in my life which led me to become a scientist and my Nobel Lecture covers the intellectual background and consequences of the research work for which the Prize has been awarded. In this somewhat compressed version, I start with my birth on…

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The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly to Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel for their discoveries concerning “signal transduction in the nervous system”. Carlsson discovered that dopamine is a transmitter, Greengard found that dopamine and other “slow” transmitters act by protein phosphorylation, and Kandel…

    The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001             Scientific Advisors, Professors at Karolinska Institutet: Anita Aperia – Paediatrics Hans Jörnvall – Physiological Chemistry, Secretary of the Nobel Assembly Sten Lindahl – Anesthesiology, Chairman of the Nobel Committee Ralf Pettersson – Molecular Biology Anders Zetterberg – Tumour Cytology…

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Marshall Warren Nirenberg was born in New York City on April 10th, 1927, the son of Harry and Minerva Nirenberg. The family moved to Orlando, Florida in 1939. He early developed an interest in biology. In 1948 he received a B. Sc. degree, and in 1952, a M. Sc. degree in Zoology from the University…

My parents were born in Norfolk and spent their early years working in the big houses of that rural English county, my mother as a cook and my father as a handyman and chauffeur. After the 1930s recession they moved to Wembley, North-West London, where my father worked as a mechanic in the local H.J.…