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I was born on 20 November 1886 in Vienna, the son of university professor Anton Ritter von Frisch and his wife Marie, née Exner. I studied at a grammar school and later at the University of Vienna in the Faculty of Medicine. After the first exams, I switched to the Faculty of Philosophy and studied…

Paul Ehrlich was born on March 14, 1854 at Strehlen, in Upper Silesia, Germany. He was the son of Ismar Ehrlich and his wife Rosa Weigert, whose nephew was the great bacteriologist Karl Weigert. Ehrlich was educated at the Gymnasium at Breslau and subsequently at the Universities of Breslau, Strassburg, Freiburg-im-Breisgau and Leipzig. In 1878…

Rodney Robert Porter born 8 October 1917 at Newton-le-Willows, Lancashire, England. He was educated at the Ashton-in-Makerfield Grammar School taking his Hons.B.Sc. (Biochemistry) in 1939 at the University of Liverpool and his Ph.D. at the University of Cambridge in 1948. After one year’s postdoctoral work at Cambridge, Professor Porter joined the scientific staff of the…

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NOBELFÖRSAMLINGEN KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET THE NOBEL ASSEMBLY AT THE KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE has today decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 1990 jointly to Joseph E. Murray and E. Donnall Thomas for their discoveries concerning “organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease”. Summary This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or…

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In 1980 Blobel proposed that newly made proteins are targeted to and imported into the various organelles within the cell by built-in signal sequences. The signals are short stretches of amino acids encoded by the gene specifying the protein. They can be located at either end of the protein, or somewhere internally.