In the mid 20th century, economists found themselves in need of a new theoretical framework with which to tackle the comparison of fundamentally different types of economic organization, such as capitalist and socialist institutions. Discussions between the likes of Oskar Lange and led to the development of the idea that economic institutions could be viewed…

For the third successive year, but for only the sixth time since it was initiated in 1901, the Nobel Peace Prize has been divided equally between an institution and an individual. In awarding the Prize to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the global body responsible for scientific assessment of climate change, and Albert…

Doris Lessing’s career, like that of Mario Capecchi, another 2007 Nobel Laureate, shows that a strict pattern of formal schooling is not the only way to success. Lessing was born in Persia (now Iran), to British parents, but her family moved to Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in hope of a better future. However, that future…

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007 Contents: | | | | | | | Nobel Poster from the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine, web adapted by Nobel Web AB.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007   Scientific Advisors, Professors at Karolinska Institutet: Christer Betsholtz, Physiological Chemistry. Bertil Fredholm, Pharmacology, Chair of the Nobel Committee. Göran K. Hansson, Medicine. Hans Jörnvall, Physiological Chemistry, Secretary of the Nobel Assembly. Nils-Göran Larsson, Genetics. Illustrations and layout: Annika Röhl, Bengt Gullbing Copyright © The Nobel Committee…

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007 The process of gene targeting involves two steps. Capecchi and Smithies discovered that homologous recombination could be used to specifically modify genes in mammalian cells. Evans identified and isolated embryonic stem cells (ES cells) from early mouse embryos (blastocysts). He also showed that ES cells can be…

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007 Contents: | | | | | | | Nobel Poster from the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine, web adapted by Nobel Web AB.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007 The consequences of a gene knockout tell us about the function of that gene. Conditional changes, which can be activated at specific time points or in selected tissues, help in establishing the gene’s function at a specific age, or in specific cell types. It is also possible…

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