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George Richards Minot was born on December 2, 1885, at Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. His ancestor, George Minot, had migrated to America in 1630, from Saffron Walden, England. His father, James Jackson Minot, was a physician, and his mother was Elizabeth Whitney. In his youth Minot was interested in butterflies and moths, and he published two…

John Carew Eccles was born in Melbourne, Australia, on January 27th, 1903. He owes much to his early training by his father, William James Eccles, who was a teacher as also was his mother, née Mary Carew. He graduated from Melbourne University in Medicine with first class honours in 1925, and as Victorian Rhodes Scholar…

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Presentation Speech by Professor E. Hammarsten, member of the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine of the , on December 10, 1931 Your Majesty, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen. The discovery for which the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine is to be awarded today concerns intracellular combustion: that fundamental vital process by which…

  Presentation Speech by Professor C.G. Bernhard, Member of the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine of the Your Majesty, Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen. Light, shadows and colours do not exist in the world around us. What we perceive visually and call light is the result of the action of a certain portion of…

  Presentation Speech by Professor Björn Vennström of the Nobel Committee at the Translation of the Swedish text Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen, At the beginning of a life the newly fertilized egg divides and becomes two cells, then four, eight, and so on. At first, all the cells are alike. Later,…

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William Parry Murphy was born on February 6, 1892, at Stoughton Wisconsin, U.S.A. He is the son of Thomas Francis Murphy and Rose Anna Parry, his father being a congregational minister with various pastorates in Wisconsin and Oregon. William Parry was educated at the public schools of Wisconsin and Oregon and at the University of…