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  Presentation Speech by Professor C. Sundberg, Vice-Chairman of the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine of the , on December 10, 1913 Your Majesty, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen. The Nobel Prize for the year 1913 for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded by the Staff of Professors of the Caroline Institute, to…

Presentation Speech by Professor G. Häggquist, member of the Staff of Professors of the , on December 10, 1935 Your Majesty, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen. When the Staff of Professors of the Caroline Institute decided that Professor Hans Spemann should be considered pre-eminently for this year’s Nobel Prize it was the first time…

Advanced information Human in vitro fertilization The 2010 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded to Dr. Robert G. Edwards for the development of human in vitro fertilization (IVF), a medical advance that represents a paradigm shift in the treatment of many types of infertility. The inability to conceive a child is a reproductive…

I was born on July 19, 1921 in New York City and have always resided and worked there except for 3 1/2 years when I was a graduate student at the University of Illinois. Perhaps the earliest memories I have are of being a stubborn, determined child. Through the years my mother has told me…

Feodor Lynen was born in Munich on 6 April 1911, the son of Wilhelm Lynen, Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the Munich Technische Hochschule. His mother, Frieda, was the daughter of the manufacturer Gustav Prym. Lynen completed his primary and secondary schooling in Munich, and in 1930 matriculated at the chemistry department of Munich University.…

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All known prion diseases are fatal. Since the immune system does not recognize prions as foreign, no natural protection develops. Scrapie in sheep was first described during the18th century. It has been transmitted to other animals such as mink and cats, and more recently to cows (mad cow disease or bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE) through…