Joshua Lederberg was born in Montclair, N.J. on May 23, 1925. He was brought up in the Washington Heights District of Upper Manhattan, New York City, where he received his education in Public School 46, Junior High School 164 and Stuyvesant High School. From 1941 to 1944 he studied at Columbia College, where he obtained…

Jacques Lucien Monod was born in Paris on February 9th, 1910. In 1917 his parents settled in the South of France, where Monod spent his early years, and he therefore thinks of himself as a Southerner rather than as a Parisian. His father was a painter, something of an unusual vocation for a Huguenot family…

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  The following account of Domagk’s work is by Professor N. Svartz, member of the Staff of Professors of the Experiments in the treatment of inflammatory conditions by means of drugs and chemicals are known from earliest times, but for the most part the effects were nil or at best insignificant. With certain of these…

Presentation Speech by Professor T. Caspersson, member of the Staff of Professors of the Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen. One of the most striking features in the development of science during the past two decades is the rapid advance in the diverse fields of biology. Here the tempo of progress continues to…

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004   Combinatorial receptor codes The odorant receptor family is used in a combinatorial manner to detect odorants and encode their unique identities. Different odorants are detected by different combinations of receptors and thus have different receptor codes. These codes are translated by the brain into diverse odour…

Prions are simple proteins that are much smaller than viruses. They are unique since they lack a genome. All other known infectious agents contain genetic material. Bacteria are often surrounded by a strong protective cell wall and replicate through simple cell division. Fungi may cause infections of the mouth, throat, lungs, and skin. Parasites thrive…