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Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was born on September 14, 1849 at Ryazan, where his father, Peter Dmitrievich Pavlov, was a village priest. He was educated first at the church school in Ryazan and then at the theological seminary there. Inspired by the progressive ideas which D. I. Pisarev, the most eminent of the Russian literary critics…

Presentation Speech by Professor J.E. Cederblom, President of on December 10, 1904 Your Majesty, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen. One of the most prominent features of natural science research in our day is the reciprocal action characterizing physics and chemistry, causing an important discovery in one of these sciences almost invariably to affect the…

Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1904 The Rare Gases of the Atmosphere The discoveries which have gained for me the supreme honour of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry appear to me to have been the result of causes only partially within my control; and as it is one of the rules of the Academy, of which…

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William Ramsay was born in Glasgow on October 2, 1852, the son of William Ramsay, C.E. and Catherine, née Robertson. He was a nephew of the geologist, Sir Andrew Ramsay. Until 1870 he studied in his native town, following this with a period in Fittig’s laboratory at Tübingen until 1872. While there his thesis on…

Presentation Speech by C.D. af Wirsén, Permanent Secretary of the on December 10, 1904 One sometimes hears it said that the Nobel Prizes should be awarded to authors still in the prime of life and consequently at the height of their development, in order to shelter them from material difficulties and assure them a wholly…

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