John H. Northrop
Facts
Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive.
John Howard Northrop
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946
Born: 5 July 1891, Yonkers, NY, USA
Died: 27 May 1987, Wickenberg, AZ, USA
Affiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, NJ, USA
Prize motivation: “for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form”
Prize share: 1/4
Work
At the end of the 19th century, it became clear that biochemical processes do not necessarily require living cells, but are driven by special substances, enzymes, formed in cells. However, it remained to be seen how pure forms of these enzymes could be isolated. After James Sumner succeeded in isolating a pure form of urease, John Northrop carried out additional research into other enzymes. Around 1929 he managed to produce pure crystals of pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin enzymes, which are active in the digestive process. Northrop’s research showed that these enzymes are also proteins.
Nobel Prizes and laureates
Six prizes were awarded for achievements that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind. The 12 laureates' work and discoveries range from proteins' structures and machine learning to fighting for a world free of nuclear weapons.
See them all presented here.
