Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
Facts
Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive.
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964
Born: 12 May 1910, Cairo, Egypt
Died: 29 July 1994, Shipston-on-Stour, United Kingdom
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Royal Society, Oxford, United Kingdom
Prize motivation: “for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances”
Prize share: 1/1
Life
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin's life as a researcher began when she received a chemistry book containing experiments with crystals as a child. After studying at Oxford University and despite graduating with good grades, as a woman, she had difficulty finding work. Finally, J.D. Bernal of Cambridge University, a pioneer of modern molecular biology, gave her a chance. After receiving her PhD from Cambridge University, Crowfoot Hodgkin returned to Oxford University in 1934 where she remained for the rest of her career, achieving a host of brilliant discoveries in the field of molecular biology.
Work
When X-rays pass through a crystalline structure, the patterns formed can be captured as photographic images, which are then used to determine the crystal's structure. During the 1930s, this method was used to map increasingly large and complex molecules. A mass of X-ray diffraction images, extensive calculations, and astute analysis helped Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin to successfully determine the structure of penicillin in 1946 and, in 1956, also the structure of vitamin B12, which has the most complex structure of all vitamins.
Explore and learn
Nobel Prizes and laureates
Six prizes were awarded for achievements that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind. The 12 laureates' work and discoveries range from proteins' structures and machine learning to fighting for a world free of nuclear weapons.
See them all presented here.
