The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded 115 times to 229 Nobel Prize laureates between 1901 and 2024. Click on the links to get more information.
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The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2024
“for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023
“for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022
“for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021
“for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020
“for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2019
“for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2018
“for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017
“for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2016
“for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015
“for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites”
“for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014
“for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013
“for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012
“for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011
“for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity”
“for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010
“for the development of in vitro fertilization”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009
“for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008
“for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer”
“for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007
“for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006
“for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005
“for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004
“for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003
“for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002
“for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001
“for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000
“for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999
“for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998
“for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1997
“for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1996
“for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995
“for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994
“for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993
“for their discoveries of split genes”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992
“for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991
“for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1990
“for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1989
“for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988
“for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1987
“for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986
“for their discoveries of growth factors”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985
“for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984
“for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983
“for her discovery of mobile genetic elements”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982
“for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981
“for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres”
“for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980
“for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979
“for the development of computer assisted tomography”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978
“for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977
“for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain”
“for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976
“for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975
“for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974
“for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973
“for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972
“for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1971
“for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970
“for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969
“for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968
“for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967
“for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966
“for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses”
“for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965
“for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1964
“for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963
“for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962
“for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1961
“for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960
“for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959
“for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958
“for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events”
“for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1957
“for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956
“for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1955
“for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954
“for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953
“for his discovery of the citric acid cycle”
“for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1952
“for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1951
“for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950
“for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949
“for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs”
“for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1948
“for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947
Carl Cori and
Gerty Cori
“for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen”
“for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1946
“for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945
“for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944
“for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943
“for his discovery of vitamin K”
“for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1942
“No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. 1/3 of the prize money was allocated to the main fund and 2/3 was allocated to the special fund of this prize section”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1941
“No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. 1/3 of the prize money was allocated to the main fund and 2/3 was allocated to the special fund of this prize section”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1940
“No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. 1/3 of the prize money was allocated to the main fund and 2/3 was allocated to the special fund of this prize section”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1939
“for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1938
“for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1937
“for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936
“for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1935
“for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934
“for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1933
“for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1932
“for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1931
“for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930
“for his discovery of human blood groups”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1929
“for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin”
“for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1928
“for his work on typhus”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927
“for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1926
“for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1925
“No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1924
“for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1923
“for the discovery of insulin”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922
“for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle”
“for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1921
“No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1920
“for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1919
“for his discoveries relating to immunity”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1918
“No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1917
“No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1916
“No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1915
“No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1914
“for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1913
“in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1912
“in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1911
“for his work on the dioptrics of the eye”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1910
“in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1909
“for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908
“in recognition of their work on immunity”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1907
“in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906
“in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1905
“for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904
“in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903
“in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1902
“for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901
“for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths”